Statements & documents
P&L — Profit and Loss — the income statement: sales less costs.
BS / CF — Balance Sheet (what you own and owe) / Cash Flow statement.
TB — Trial Balance — all ledger balances, used to check the books agree.
PO / SI — Purchase Order (you ordering) / Sales Invoice (you billing).
CN / GRN — Credit Note (a refund or correction) / Goods Received Note.
SKU — Stock Keeping Unit — one distinct product line you hold.
Profit & cost
GP — Gross Profit — sales less the direct cost of what you sold.
COGS — Cost of Goods Sold — the direct cost of the goods you sold.
EBITDA / EBIT — Operating cash profit / operating profit.
CAPEX / OPEX — Capital spend (assets you keep) / operating spend (day-to-day running costs).
FX — Foreign exchange — currency conversion and the risk that rates move.
Working capital
WC — Working Capital — short-term money tied up running the business.
DSO — Days Sales Outstanding — average days customers take to pay you.
DPO — Days Payable Outstanding — average days you take to pay suppliers.
DIO — Days Inventory Outstanding — average days stock sits before it sells.
Ageing — How long invoices have been outstanding, bucketed by 30/60/90+ days.
Valuation & returns
WACC — Weighted Average Cost of Capital — the blended return investors and lenders expect.
DCF — Discounted Cash Flow — valuing a business by its future cash, in today's money.
EV — Enterprise Value; EV/EBITDA and P/E are common valuation multiples.
FCF — Free Cash Flow — cash left after running costs and investment.
IRR / NPV — Internal Rate of Return / Net Present Value — whether an investment creates value.
ROI / ROCE — Return on Investment / Return on Capital Employed — how hard your money works.
DSCR — Debt Service Coverage Ratio — whether profits comfortably cover loan repayments.
Ledger & accounting
GL / AR / AP — General Ledger / Accounts Receivable (owed to you) / Accounts Payable (you owe).
JE / COA — Journal Entry / Chart of Accounts.
ECL — Expected Credit Loss — the IFRS-9 provision for likely bad debts.
NAV / YTD / FY — Net Asset Value / Year to Date / Financial Year.
KPI — Key Performance Indicator — a headline number you steer the business by.
Mauritius statutory
PAYE — Pay As You Earn — income tax deducted from salaries.
CSG — Contribution Sociale Généralisée — the Mauritius social contribution.
NSF — National Savings Fund (not "non-sufficient funds").
VAT / MRA — Value Added Tax / Mauritius Revenue Authority.
HRDC levy / BRN — Training levy / Business Registration Number.
Plain-English summaries for orientation — not formal accounting definitions.